Estimation of Insulin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies In Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background:Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease began when there is essential insufficiency of insulin that produces by the pancreas, sometimes by the incompetence of that insulin. Such as insufficiency lead to elevate blood glucose  concentrations, that in sequence impairment many human body. There are two main types of this disease, our study will be on type 1diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes  which called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in this type the  pancreas be unsuccessful to produce the insulin. Type1diabetes milltus progress commonly in children and young people, type 1 diabetes is described by presence of mixing autoantibodies against variation of insulin antigens, such as Insulin autoantibodies,Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase  Autoantibodies.      

Objective:To estimate the most autoantibodies and assessment of  HbA1c in type 1 DM.

Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at in AL-kindy Teaching Hospital-Center of Endocrine glands and  diabetes Mellitus For the period 1/7/2016  until 1/2/2017, The study included (75) individual divided into (50) diabetic patients( 25 female and 25 male) their ages ranging between 10-45 years and(25).Healthy persons (11 female and 14 male) and there was questions for each patient about( Age, Family history, Onset of disease\years).Quantative ELISA test for detection of circulating autoantibodies against Glutamic Acid DecarboxylaseزIndirect immunofluorescence test to detected  insulin auto antibodies in human serum, and measurements level of  HbA1c for each subjects.

Results: The results of this study indicate importance of autoantibodies to identify a group of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.This results showed significant difference in the prevalence of  autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients (P<0.05) .There was significant association  between Insulin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase  Autoantibodies. and onset of  type 1diabetes mellitus, These autoantibodies are more occurrence  in earlier affected type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients . No correlation between gender and diabetes type 1 non significant difference (P>0.05).

Conclusion:There are many cases of  Diabetes Mellitus identified by laboratory investigation only ; whom are asymptomatic, screening tests had supportive for quick detection and treatment.