Glutamic acid decarboxylase-IgG among T2DM patients with HCMV infection and HbA1c levels

Abstract

Background:Prophetic immune marker glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibody is a distinctive diagnosis between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Individuals have diagnose as Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in adults (LADA) has such autoantibody, which those patients  incorrectly diagnosed as T2DM.

Objective: To determines frequency of anti- GAD IgG antibody marker in LADA patients, were misdiagnosed as T2DM in relevance with a Cytomegalovirus infectin antibodies and Hemoglobine A1c levels. 

Patients and Methods: Ninety five patients with T2DM chosen, arranged in two groups with and without cardio vascular diseases (CVD) and a garoup of 49 individuals as healthy control matched age and gender. Samples took from subjects that attended to Hawler Cardiac Center and Diabetic Centers at Erbil city in March 2014. Sera subjected to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Glycohemoglobin assay for HbA1c.

Results: GAD islet cell autoantibody was seropositive in 3.05% diabetics and 2.04% controls. There were high titers of HbA1c with low C-peptide in diabetics. A weak negative correlation was found with significant difference between anti-GAD IgG and age (r = -0.282, P < 0.017 correspondingly ).

Conclusion: Appropriate diagnosis for LADA could help to preserve the residual Beta-cell function.

Key words: Anti-GAD-IgG, Anti-CMC-IgG, C-peptide, HbA1c.